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Health and Education
Education
The modern western education was introduced only in early 1950s. Before that structured monastic education and traditional education imparted through oral tradition were predominant. In 2004, there were 1, 55,000 students. The enrolment rate has reached 72 % while literacy rate is 54%. The government provides free education. The average life expectancy is 60 years.
Health
Similarly western allopathic medicine was introduced in early 1950s. People relied on rich indigenous medicine known was sowai rigpa for preventive and curative measures. Both Buddhist rituals and village shaman (paw and pamo) played important role. The indigenous medicine is strongly promoted along with the western medicine. The country saw great strides in health sector. Communicable diseases like diarrhoea and ARI are the highest causes of mortality. The non-communicable diseases are on the rise. About 90% of the population has access to the primary health care services. Last decade saw great improvement in mortality rates: IMR stands at 60.5, U5MR at 84.0, Maternal mortality at 2.55. About 77.8% has access to safe drinking water and 88.0% sanitation (latrine) coverage. Health services are provided free to all population.
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